Student:                                          

REMEMBER: Some of these questions written by the text author are critical thinking questions and may not be understood by only looking in one place in the text. Do not expect exact numbers in these type of questions.You are being tested on logical relationships drawn from your study of the whole chapter. There is only 1 right answer to each question. Choose the BEST Answer:

1. According to the text,
 a. every year, about 3 million people suffer disabling workplace accidents.
 b. children are far more likely to die while working at fast-food providers than while working at any other job.
 c. homicide is the leading cause of job-related death for male and female workers.
 d. a, b, and c are all correct

2. According to the text, there have been two major, structural changes to the economy:
 a. the Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution.
 b. the Industrial Revolution and the Feminist Revolution.
 c. the Proletarian Revolution and the Feminist Revolution.
 d. the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution.

3. The text points out that the biggest reason for many U.S. companies moving industrial production abroad involves
 a. working conditions.      b. wages.     c. unemployment.     d. alienation.

4. Which of the following has long been regarded as the most deadly kind of work?
 a. farming      b. mining     c. construction     d. detective work

5. Max Weber understood the Industrial Revolution as __________, the historical change from tradition to rationality and efficiency as the typical way people think about the world.
 a. the rationalization of society    b. alienation   c. McDonaldization    d. the global alteration

6. __________ refers to defining work in terms of efficiency, predictability, uniformity, and controlling workers through automation.
 a. Ritzerism       b. Burger King syndrome   c. McDonaldization    d. Hardeeás sanction

7. Which of the following is NOT a principle of McDonaldization?
 a. efficiency     b. uniformity   c. predictability   d. controlling workers through joint decision making

8. According to the text, McJobsà involve which of the following?
 a. The work is repetitive.
 b. The work involves machines and computers that reduce human effort to merely pushing buttons.
 c. The work is so dehumanizing that workers would prefer to do almost anything else, which leads to high rates of dissatisfaction and employee turnover.
 d. a, b, and c are all correct

9. George Ritzer estimates that one out of every __________ adults has worked at McDonald's at some time.
 a. eight      b. fifteen      c. thirty      d. sixty

10. __________ percent of the U.S. labor force works without at least some of the benefits most full-time workers count on, including retirement plans, sick leave, health insurance, and especially, job security.
 a. Five     b. Ten      c. Fifteen     d. Thirty

11. __________ percent of college and university presidents are people of color.
 a. One     b. Three     c. Five      d. Eleven

12. The text observes that most workplaces have a __________, referring to barriers (often invisible) that effectively prevent women and other minorities from moving up in the workplace.
 a. pink-collar ghetto     b. glass ceiling   c. velvet hammer    d. impenetrable barrier

13. __________ are worker organizations that seek to improve wages and working conditions through various strategies, including collective bargaining and strikes.
 a. Volunteer associations     b. Informal organizations    c. Labor unions    d. Shared decision-making groups

14. At some colleges and universities, the American Association of University Professors represents faculty members in efforts to improve wages and working conditions through collective bargaining. These AAUP-sponsored groups are
 a. labor unions.   b. academic senates.   c. faculty clubs.    d. informal.

15. By 1950, unions claimed __________ of the entire U.S. nonfarm labor force.
 a. one-eighth    b. one-fifth     c. one-fourth     d. one-third

16. __________ refers to linking employees to the office using information technology, including telephones, fax machines, and e-mail.
 a. The global village    b. Workplace isolation   c. Telecommuting     d. Deindustrialization

17. The __________ paradigm highlights the meaning that people attach to the jobs they hold and the work they perform.
 a. structural-functional    b. symbolic interaction    c. social conflict     d. social disorganization

18. From the Latin, emeritus means
 a. retired.     b. reduced.     c. leisurely.     d. fully earned.

19. Max Weber reached the same conclusion as Karl Marx: To the vast majority of people, work is
 a. satisfying.     b. alienating.    c. intrinsically gratifying.       d. a and c are both correct

20. __________ support a market-based economy, but they do not see the market as a solution for workplace problems.
 a. Conservatives      b. Radical-left supporters   c. Right-wing extremists    d. Liberals

21. The text points out there is an old saying that the market provides __________, meaning that a free-market allocates greater rewards to those who work harder and especially to those with rare talents and highly creative minds.
 a. laissez-faire    b. rough justice   c. easy money   d. the cutting edge

22. According to the __________ view, workers should own and control the means of economic production.
 a. radical left    b. conservative   c. liberal    d. right-wing extremist

23. According to the lecture, what is one of the ways to "fight fairly?
 a. Discuss the 2 top problems.
 b. Start with "I feel that you..." 
 c. Repeat back, in your own words, what has been said and ask for clarification. 
 d. Get it all off of your chest. 

24. The __________ family consists of one or two parents and their children.
 a. extended       b. family of affinity     c. nuclear     d. modified extended

25. Families form around __________, a lawful relationship (expected to be lasting ) involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and, usually, childbearing.
 a. kinship     b. marriage     c. affinity     d. consanguineal ties

26. In 1998, the (average) total number of children the typical U.S. woman bears is
 a. 3.0.     b. 2.8.     c. 2.5.     d. 1.9.

27. In 1998, __________ percent of the population was single.
 a. 11     b. 15     c. 19     d. 28

28. Among African American families, most women who have children
 a. have never married.
 b. are married, but their husbands are not present.
 c. are divorced.
 d. are not on welfare.

29. Critics charge that in evaluating the African American family, Daniel Patrick Moynihan
 a. accepted the female-headed household as normal. 
 b. set up one traditional type of family as the ideal and rejected anything different as dysfunctional.
 c. discriminated against African Americans.
 d. exercised undue prejudice.

30. According to the text's discussion, which of the following reflects (a) stereotype(s) about African American families?
 a. African American women are subordinate in family life.
 b. Today, African Americans are still socioeconomically disadvantaged.
 c. African American men are loving fathers.
 d. African American women have more children, often to increase their welfare benefits.

31. According to the textás discussion, the divorce rate in the U.S.
 a. declined following World War II.
 b. increased during the 1950s.
 c. has eased downward since 1980, but not by much.
 d. dropped from about 1965 to 1980.

32. The text estimates that __________ gay couples have formed committed partnerships.
 a. 250,000     b. 500,000      c. 1 million     d. 2 million

33. Which of the following nations does NOT have lawful gay marriage?  a. Denmark     b. Norway     c. Great Britain     d. Sweden

34. __________ tend to think of familiesà as people who share their lives and wish to be defined that way.
 a. Liberals      b. Conservatives   c. Right-wing extremists     d. Moderates

35. The text estimates that about __________ gay couples in the United States are raising young children.
 a. 50,000      b. 100,000       c. 150,000       d. 250,000

36. According to the text, the structural-functional approach takes a __________-level view of the family as a system.
 a. micro    b. macro      c. subterranean     d. superficial

37. Intimate is a word with Latin roots meaning
 a. sexually explicit.   b. free from fear.   c. extremely close.   d. very personal.

38. According to the __________ view, society should consider collective arrangements for performing housework and child care.
 a. radical left    b. conservative   c. liberal    d. right-wing extremist

39. __________ is formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers.
 a. Education     b. Socialization    c. Cultural transmission    d. Schooling

40. Which nation leads the world in sending people to college?
 a. Great Britain    b. Finland    c. the United States     d. Norway

41. Church-sponsored parochial schools were formed in the United States by
 a. monks.    b. priests.    c. nuns.    d. Catholic immigrants.

42. The text points out that since the late 1960s, high school students' performance on the Scholastic Assessment Test has
 a. remained consistent.    b. improved.    c. declined.     d. fluctuated substantially.

43. Despite official government claims of almost universal literacy skills, roughly __________ percent of U.S. adults do not read and write very well.
 a. 2     b. 5      c. 7     d. 20

44. About 35 million men and women in the U.S. do not read and write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities. These people are referred to as
 a. uneducated.      b. poorly socialized.   c. functionally illiterate.     d. dysfunctional.

45. On a national scale, per-student funding ranges from about $17,500 per student each year on Long Island, New York, to about __________ in many poor areas of Texas.
 a. $10,500       b. $8,500      c. $5,000       d. $2,000

46. __________ refers to the policy of assigning students to different educational programs.
 a. Tagging     b. Tracking      c. Labeling     d. Identification

47. __________ reflects a policy by which schools offer classes in most subject areas in the studentsá native language, while also teaching them English.
 a. Ebonics      b. English     c. English immersion    d. Bilingual education

48. In 1923, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of Meyer v. State of Nebraska, declaring that a law passed in 1919 was unconstitutional. This law stated that all public school teachers
 a. were prohibited from teaching in any language other than English until at least the ninth grade.
 b. had to avoid racially sensitive discussions.
 c. were prohibited from talking about birth control.
 d. had to maintain gender appropriateà attitudes.

49. In 1998, Californians passed Proposition 227, which
 a. created the ebonicsà approach to language acquisition.
 b. mandated that public school teachers be able to sponsor bilingual programs.
 c. banned bilingual programs in favor of the English-immersion approach.
 d. mandated that school teachers were prohibited from teaching in any language other than English until at least the ninth grade.

50. In 1997, more than 5 million students with disabilities were enrolled in special education programs in public schools, at a cost of
 a. $100 million.    b. $1 billion.    c. $5 billion.   d. over $20 billion.

51. Critics of mainstreaming point out that
 a. there is little solid research showing that the practice improves academic performance.
 b. many students have disabilities that make it difficult or even impossible for them to participate in regular classes.
 c. classes are needed in which specially trained teachers take into account the particular needs of students with physical or mental disabilities.
 d. a, b, and c are all correct

52. The most serious recent incident of school violence took place in
 a. Littleton, Colorado.     b. Jonesboro, Arkansas.   c. Paducah, Kentucky.    d. Santee, California.

53. The text observes that, rather than learning to think critically and creatively, especially about social justice, most students learn only to follow directions, to respect authority figures, and to fit in to the system as it exists. This is part of what is referred to as
 a. impression management.    b. the hidden curriculum.   c. a self-fulfilling prophecy.    d. tracking.

54. __________ argue that the problem of public education is that the government has an educational monopoly (meaning that government controls almost all the schools) so that public classrooms across the country do not have to compete for students.
a. Conservatives     b. Liberals      c. Radical left supporters     d. Right-wing extremists

55. According to the text, the overall strategy that promises to make schools more competitive is
 a. tracking.     b. school choice.    c. redlining.     d. busing.

56. The __________ says, in effect, "You are entitled to use your tax money to school your children wherever you want." 
 a. charter school concept         b. magnet school concept
 c. school voucher program       d. schooling for profit concept

57. According to the __________ view, schools define the problem of poor academic performance in terms of the shortcomings of individuals rather than as the result of structural inequality.
 a. conservative      b. liberal   c. right-wing extremist    d. radical left

58. Radicals on the left argue that problems in our schools arise from
 a. the shortcomings of students.
 b. the shortcomings of administrators.
 c. basic flaws in the economic and political structure of society.
 d. the shortcomings of teachers.

59. According to the __________ view, the solution to the problems in our nation's schools is to implement various strategies such as schooling for profit and the use of school vouchers in order to force public schools to become more competitive.
 a. radical left   b. right-wing extremist   c. liberal   d. conservative

60. According to the text,
 a. by 2015, eight out of ten of the largest cities in the world will be in high-income nations.
 b. close to 1.5 million people in the United States are homeless for at least some time during the course of a year.
 c. in the inner-city neighborhoods of most large cities, a majority of adults are employed in some type of job.
 d. a, b, and c are all incorrect

61. The text points out that by 1900, in most peopleás minds, cities were becoming synonymous with
 a. crime.       b. noise.     c. filthy conditions.    d. immigrants.

62. The text points out that the industrial metropolis reached its peak population during the decade of
 a. 1910.     b. 1920.     c. 1930.     d. 1940.

63. The text points out that as __________, the well-to-do move away from the central cities, the poor stay behind
 a. edge cities grow      b. urbanization begins   c. urban decentralization occurs    d. urban sprawl develops

64. William Julius Wilson has observed that in Chicago, during the early 1950s, most African American adults were working and supporting their families. By the 1990s, __________ of these men and women had no jobs.
 a. one-fourth     b. one-third     c. one-half     d. two-thirds

65. The Morgans' wealth was related to
 a. automobiles.      b. oil.     c. meat packing.     d. finance.

66. The Fords' wealth was related to
 a. meat packing.      b. automobiles.    c. finance.    d. oil.

67. Critics concluded that instead of providing housing for those who needed it most, urban renewal amounted to a form of urban __________à that pushed out poor people.
 a. cleansing      b. reconfiguration    c. readjustment    d. discharge

68. In 1972, the city of St. Louis dynamited several high-rise towers of the __________ public housing complex.
 a. Manhattan     b. Archway     c. Busch      d. Pruitt-Igoe

69. __________ means that entire districts of cities (commonly referred to as ghettos) contain only poor African Americans.
 a. Urban reconcentration    b. Urban segregation    c. Hypersegregation    d. Ghettoization

70. According to the text, poor minority urbanites are isolated __________, meaning that they are highly concentrated in all-black neighborhoods that are commonly found in central cities.
 a. socially      b. spatially      c. geographically      d. restrictively

71. Most estimates suggest that about __________ people are homeless at some time during the course of a year.
 a. 250,000      b. 500,000      c. 1 million      d. 1.5 million

72. Today, the Sunbelt is home to __________ percent of the U.S. population.
 a. 30      b. 40     c. 50     d. 60

73. __________ refers to the share of population living in urban areas.    a. Suburbanization     b. Ex-urbanization   c. Urbanization   d. Globalization

74. Living in small rural villages, people have a strong sense of community based on kinship and shared traditions. This type of living reflects what Tennies referred to as
 a. gesellschaft.     b. gemeinschaft.   c. organic solidarity.     d. mechanical solidarity.

75. __________ refers to social bonds based on common feelings and shared moral values.
 a. Mechanical solidarity   b. Gesellschaft   c. Organic solidarity    d. Nuclear family

76. While something may be lost in the process of urbanization, Durkheim concluded that people gain more
 a. individual choice.     b. moral tolerance.   c. personal privacy.     d. a, b, and c are all correct

77. The research of __________ reminds us that class, race, ethnicity, and sometimes age create an urban mix of ethnic villagers that is far more complex than any single profile of urbanites will allow.
 a. Louis Wirth     b. Herbert Gans   c. Emile Durkheim      d. Claude Fischer

78. The German sociologist __________ explained that, on an individual level, urban living amounts to intense stimulation.
 a. Ferdinand Tennies    b. Georg Simmel    c. Karl Marx      d. Herbert Spencer

79. Under the program of __________, government reduces or eliminates taxes on businesses that relocate to an economically depressed area where jobs are needed.
 a. urban renewal     b. gentrification   c. urban selectivity    d. enterprise zones

80. __________ link problems like street violence and poverty to family breakdown; and they blame the breakdown of the family on welfare policies that support people who do not work and that provide child support for mothers with neither jobs nor husbands.
 a. Liberals       b. Conservatives    c. Radical left supporters   d. Right-wing extremists

81. According to the __________ view, urban life is far better than it was a century ago because living standards have risen.
 a. right-wing extremist    b. conservative   c. liberal    d. radical left

82. According to the text,
 a. about one in fifty of the worldás inhabitants experience daily hunger.
 b. one hundred thousand of the worldás children are homeless.
 c. around the world, about 40 percent of adults facing desperate poverty are women.
 d. a, b, and c are all incorrect

83. During the mid-twentieth century, not only was world population rising, but so was the
 a. death rate.    b. infant mortality rate.   c. rate of increase.    d. emigration rate.

84. In the United States in 1999, there were 3.96 million live births in a population of 273 million. This yields a crude birth rate of
 a. 11.5.      b. 12.5.      c. 13.5.     d. 14.5.

85. For the world as a whole, the crude birth rate is
 a. 14.     b. 19.     c. 22.     d. 35.

86. For the world as a whole, the crude death rate is
 a. 6.    b. 7.     c. 8.     d. 9.

87. In a figure shown in the text, the vertical axis shows the percentage of women using contraception; the horizontal axis shows the average number of children a woman bears during her lifetime. The dots shown in the figure represent about 100 low-income countries in the world. The dots show a strong correlation or association between the two variables. The straight line relationship in the figure is shown with what is referred to as the
 a. correlation coefficient.    b. probability coefficient.   c. regression line.    d. statistical probability.

88. For the world as a whole, the infant mortality is
 a. 4.     b. 7.      c. 57.     d. 125.

89. Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations offered in the text for the great slowing in global population increase?
 a. a decline in parental enthusiasm
 b. the high cost of rearing children
 c. the trend toward later marriage
 d. the widespread use of contraceptives

90. Most poor nations today have __________ birth rates and __________ death rates.
 a. high/high     b. low/low     c. high/declining     d. low/high

91. During Stage 1 (preindustrial, agrarian societies) of the demographic transition, birth rates are __________ and death rates are __________.
 a. high/high    b. high/low      c. low/high     d. low/low

92. One calculation by a United Nations official estimated that the wealth of the worldás three richest individuals equals the annual economic output of the world's __________ poorest countries.
 a. 48      b. 38      c. 28     d. 18

93. Rich nations are home to roughly __________ percent of the earth's population.
 a. 18      b. 38     c. 58     d. 78

94. Human beings in __________ poverty lack the nutrition necessary for health and long-term survival.
 a. immediate       b. relative     c. absolute      d. tentative

95. The text concludes that the greatest horror linked to global poverty is
 a. hunger.    b. plague.     c. slavery.     d. deprivation of social participation.

96. __________ is the process by which some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of other countries.
 a. Modernization    b. Neocolonialism    c. Colonialism    d. Assimilation

97. The text points out that the world economy places poor nations in a position of dependency in three ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
 a. Poor countries have only narrow, export-oriented economies.
 b. Poor countries are dependent on illegal drugs.
 c. Poor countries lack industrial production.
 d. Poor countries are deeply in debt.

98. According to __________ theory, people everywhere were very poor until industrial technology started to raise living standards; although some nations are more productive than others, all nations today are better off.
 a. modernization      b. dependency    c. symbolic interaction   d. world system

99. According to __________ theory, the United States and other rich nations are part of the problem of global inequality, since these nations benefit from the capitalist world economy, while other nations become poor.
 a. symbolic interaction     b. dependency     c. world system   d. modernization

100. In his study of the emergence of industrial capitalism, Peter Berger concludes: Industrial capitalism has generated the greatest productive power in human history. To date, no other socioeconomic system has been able to generate comparable productive power. This statement provides a strong foundation for the __________ view of global inequality.
 a. radical left     b. right-wing extremist    c. liberal     d. conservative

YOUR ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION IN CLASS IS PART OF YOUR CLASS GRADE. YOUR WEEKLY ASSIGNMENTS ARE WORTH about 20% OF YOUR FINAL GRADE