SLCC Soc 1010, Adams, instructor, Spring Semester 2011

Answer these questions at home. You may use YOUR notes & text and this web site's study guides.
You are to do this test by yourself. DO NOT CHECK YOUR ANSWERS WITH ANY BODY.        

Student Name: _____________________________

Choose the BEST Answer (ONLY ONE):

1) Which of the following phrases best applies to the term "the iron law of oligarchy"?
A) the emergence of trained incapacity among organizational leaders
B) placing emphasis on organizational rules over organizational goals
C) the domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite
D) the McDonaldization of society

2) Organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how "progressive" they are. Based on the research conducted by Kanter, what is the common quality these "showcased" positions share?
A) They are supervisory jobs with considerable power and autonomy.
B) They are highly paid and directed toward "fast track" promotions.
C) They are highly competitive and sought after by colleagues.
D) The employees appointed to these jobs have little power or authority.

3) When members of a group begin to narrow their thoughts and feel that there is only one correct answer to a situation, and when suggesting an alternative is seen as being disloyal to the group, group members are experiencing a phenomenon that sociologists call _________.
A) brainwashing     B) groupthink     C) mental programming     D) group polarization

4) How does the manner in which sociologists apply the term deviant differ from the manner in which members of the general public apply the term?
A) Sociologists use the term deviance nonjudgmentally; members of the general public respond to it negatively.

B) Sociologists and the general public respond to the term deviance in a similar manner.
C) There is nothing consistent about the application or response to deviance by either the general public or sociologists.
D) Sociologists determine what behavior constitutes deviance and members of the general public respond to it accordingly.

5) Ruth is a young pregnant woman who was recently diagnosed with AIDS. Because a person with AIDS is stigmatized in U.S. society, it is likely that Ruth's master status will now become ________.
A) patient     B) mother     C) woman     D) young person

6) Every human group develops a system of formal and informal social controls to enforce norms and discourage deviance. They do so because deviance ________.
A) is immoral and should be controlled
B) undermines predictability, a necessity for social life
C) results in negative acts that cause harm to individuals

7) Based on Control Theory, when are inner controls more effective?
A) when punishment is feared from authorities such as parents or the court system
B) when we have strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with society
C) when we are members of the middle or upper classes and have so much to lose
D) when we are able to reject negative labels and neutralize our deviance

8) The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of behavior is the focus of ________ theory.
A) strain     B) control     C) labeling     D) differential association

9) Emile Durkheim stated several reasons why deviance was actually functional for society. Which of the following was not one of them?
A) One deviant act leads to another which increases social solidarity.
B) Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.
C) Deviance promotes social unity.
D) Deviance promotes social change.

10) The passage of "three strikes and you're out" laws has, in some cases, resulted in mandatory life imprisonment sentences for relatively minor offenses. Such outcomes illustrate what functional theorists describe as ________.
A) latent functions of the criminal justice system       B) unintended consequences        C) manifest functions of the criminal justice system       D) secondary deviance

11) What is the defining quality of hate crimes?
A) They are crimes committed only against persons of a minority race. B) They are crimes motivated by a person's lack of opportunity in society.
C) They are crimes committed in a heat of passion.
D) They are crimes motivated by bias against someone's ascribed status.

12) The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is called ________.
A) social stratification     B) social networking     C) diversification     D) structure 

13) What group did colonial plantation owners attempt to enslave prior to the importation of Africans?
A) poor European immigrants
B) stowaways who came to the colonies without paying their fare
C) criminals convicted by colonial courts
D) Native Americans

14) What is the major characteristic of the class system?
A) Once a person is born into a social class he or she is blessed or cursed for life.
B) A class system has fluid boundaries that permit movement up and down the class ladder.
C) A class system ensures that no one is locked in poverty.
D) In a class system, categories of people are equally distributed in the class structure.

15) What did Marx believe was the primary factor that distinguished between the different classes under industrial capitalism?
A) ownership of real estate B) the transportation system of a society C) relationship to the means of production D) access to natural resources

16) In democracies, what are the two methods used by the ruling elite to control information?
A) coercion and technology
B) selectively releasing information and coercion
C) technology and the selective release of information
D) cultural tradition and propaganda

17) In the former Soviet Union what was the major basis of stratification?
A) ownership of the means of production
B) relationship to former Soviet heroes such as Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky
C) inherited wealth
D) political position within the Communist Party

18) What was the unintended result as Russia increasingly embraced capitalism in the late 20th century?
A) There was a huge rise in the social class known as the petty bourgeoisie.
B) Political parties began to develop along class lines.
C) A powerful Mafia emerged headed by gangsters and corrupt government officials.
D) People began to immigrate from surrounding countries creating over population.

19) What was the primary purpose behind colonialism as it was practiced by European nations during the 18th and 19th centuries?
A) to educate and modernize the underdeveloped world
B) to bring Christianity to the primitive people of the world
C) to establish economic colonies and exploit the people and resources D) to develop military and industrial allies

20) World systems theory states that some nations grew economically dependent on trade with the Most Industrialized Nations such as Britain, France, and Germany. These dependent nations were what Wallerstein called ________.
A) semiperiphery nations     B) core nations     C) periphery nations     D) the external area

21) What is the major means by which neocolonialists maintain their superiority and control over other nations of the world?
A) They utilize coercion by using military occupation.
B) They bribe a country?s government officials.
C) They manipulate trade and the debt owed by the weaker nations.
D) They control the weaker nation?s mass media.

22) Companies that operate across many national boundaries, thus helping the Most Industrialized Nations maintain global dominance, are referred to as ________.
A) multinational corporations     B) interlocking directorates     C) bureaucracies     D) oligarchies

23) What are the two basic reasons that poor nations remain at the bottom of the world stratification order?
A) the legacy of war and the persistence of poverty
B) the competition between socialism and capitalism and the lack of markets
C) the existence of neocolonialism and the influence of multinational corporations
D) world-wide recession and international terrorism

24) When the United Fruit Company controlled national and local politics in Central America, how were its economic interests protected?
A) a large insurance policy with Lloyds of London
B) the militia of the respective nations it controlled
C) a detail of United States Marines waiting off shore
D) a treaty between the respective Central American nation and U.S. government

25) How has the introduction of new technologies affected global domination and stratification?
A) The underdeveloped nations of the world are making excellent progress.
B) There is greater parity between the Most Industrialized and Least Industrialized Nations.
C) There has been no change in the status of nations.
D) New technologies benefit the Most Industrialized Nations at a far greater degree than the Industrializing or the Least Industrialized Nations.

26) What term do sociologists use to refer to a large category of people who share many similar levels of wealth, power, and prestige.
A) social class     B) social aggregate     C) social cliche´     D) social group

27) A person's net worth is most accurately referred to as ________.
A) property     B) wealth     C) income     D) materialism

28) Which statement is most accurate regarding the changes in income distribution in the United States since 1970?
A) The income gap between the rich and poor has narrowed.
B) There has been no change in the income gap between the rich and poor.
C) The poor have gained ground in their income level while the rich have lost ground.
D) The rich have grown richer and the poor have grown poorer.

29) Some conflict theorists believe that it is a hoax on the American people to allow them to think they are taking part in the big decisions of government because they vote in every election. Hellinger and Judd referred to this misconception of participation as ________.
A) the democratic facade     B) false consciousness     C) class consciousness     D) social solidarity

30) What term did C. Wright Mills coin to refer to the collection of people who make the big decisions in U.S. society?
A) upper class     B) democratic industrialists     C) corporate class     D) power elite

31) In the distribution of income model that equates a child's block one and a half inches tall to $500, the average American would be ________ feet off the ground while those with the greatest income would be as high as ________.
A) five; the Empire State Building     B) eight; Mount Everest     C) twelve; Mount St. Helen     D) fifteen; the Sears Tower in Chicago 

32) A profile of their personal qualities would reveal that most U.S. presidents come from a group of _______.
A) middle class white men
B) men of European descent with a diversified background
C) millionaire white men from old money families
D) working Americans with great ambition

33) Why do some people in Los Angeles list their address as "Beverly Hills" but then use the correct zip code for Los Angeles?
A) It is a means by which people display prestige.
B) The mail will be delivered sooner because the address is more specific.
C) Los Angeles is so large an area that a more specific breakdown of address is needed.
D) It is a way people gain a sense of community.

34) Bruce owns about 3,000 acres of prime farmland, is one of the wealthiest men in the county, and enjoys a great deal of prestige in his community. In view of this, how would sociologists describe Bruce as it pertains to social class?
A) Bruce is status inconsistent because wealth and prestige seldom go together.
B) Bruce is status consistent because of his high ranking in the two dimensions.
C) Without additional information it is impossible to determine Bruce's social class.
D) If Bruce is "old money," he is status consistent, but he is status inconsistent if he is "new money."

35) Phil, a janitor for an expensive apartment-house complex in Chicago, is a union member who makes more money than many of the tenants in the building he maintains. Lenski would note that Phil's high income but low occupational prestige demonstrates a condition of ________.
A) status insecurity     B) status contradiction     C) status inconsistency     D) status incompatibility

36) The class of Americans that pride themselves for having "real jobs" and feel that workers in suits are no more than paper pushers with no practical experience are the ________.
A) working class     B) underclass     C) lower middle class     D) upper middle class

37) How does being a member of the capitalist class affect one's ability to find a spouse who would be accepted by the entire family?
A) Capitalists have the greatest range of potential spouses because of their wealth.
B) Capitalists have about the same range of potential spouses as all other classes.
C) The field of eligible spouses for capitalists is much narrower than that which exists for other classes.
D) The range of eligible spouses is not affected by social class.

38) What phrase best describes how the working class politically responds to economic and social issues?
A) The working class is conservative on both economic and social issues.
B) The working class is more liberal on economic issues and more conservative on social issues.
C) The working class is liberal on both economic and social issues.
D) The working class is more conservative on economic issues and more liberal on social issues.

39) What conclusion can be reached based on the account of Terry Takewell's illness and his admission to a Tennessee hospital, as presented in the text?
A) Medical care is a right of every American.
B) Medicaid and other social programs pay for medical care for the poor.
C) Medical care is a commodity sold to those who can afford it.
D) Socialized medicine would save Americans millions of dollars in medical costs.

40) Meredith is confined to a "medicinal straitjacket." What does this mean?
A) Meredith is a mentally disturbed upper class patient undergoing psychotherapy.
B) Meredith qualifies as being in poverty and is receiving tranquilizers for a diagnosed mental illness.
C) Meredith is a middle-class mental patient in seclusion receiving needed rest and relaxation.
D) Meredith has overdosed tranquilizing drugs and is now undergoing detoxification.

41) The upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next describes ________ mobility. A) intergenerational     B) intragenerational     C) structural     D) exchange

42) During the Great Depression, thousands of people changed social class unexpectedly ·usually in a downward spiral. This event was the impetus for a type of social mobility called ________ mobility.
A) intergenerational     B) structural     C) intragenerational     D) exchange

43) When the same numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder, such that, on balance, the social class system shows little change, it is referred to as ________ mobility.
A) structural     B) generational     C) exchange     D) occupational

44) In classic studies addressing the social mobility of sons, what did researchers find?
A) Most sons remained at the same social class level as their fathers.
B) Most sons fell below the social class of their fathers.
C) About half the sons passed their fathers on the social class ladder.
D) Virtually all sons passed their fathers on the social class ladder.

45) In addition to structural changes in the economic system, what did Higgenbothan and Weber discover about women from working-class backgrounds who now occupied professional, managerial, and administrative positions?
A) They were all encouraged by their parents to get an education.
B) Each was in the top five percent of her graduating high school class.
C) Each was the eldest child in her family.
D) They were encouraged by their boyfriends and husbands to do well in school.

46) Recently, the U.S. welfare system was restructured. Supporters of this reform maintain that the new system rescues people from poverty and reduces welfare costs. What evidence do these supporters use in making this point?
A) The number of people on welfare has significantly decreased.
B) The unemployment rate is lower now.
C) Fewer teenagers are having babies.
D) Fewer people are poor in the country.

47)  A leader who is passive and appears to be uninvolved in a group would be termed a[n] ________ leader. 
A) authoritarian     B)  authoritative     C) democratic    D)  laissez-faire

48)  In ancient Greece and Rome slavery was most often based on three factors. Which of the following was not one of the three major factors?
A) race     B)  crime     C)  debt     D)  war

49  The main idea of control theory is that most people have strong desires to be deviant, but two systems work against their motivation to deviate. These two systems are termed ________.
A) the courts and prisons
B) conscience and the criminal justice system
C) outer and formal controls
D) inner and outer controls

50)  C. Wright Mills coined the term ________ to refer to the collection of people who make the big decisions in U.S. society.
A) corporate class     B)  leisure class     C) upper class     D)  power elite

EITHER do the multiple choice OR the Essay  -- not both 

1-50 Essay:

Impress me with the quality of the notes you have taken (type, double space, regular font, regular edges on other paper). It should be at least 2 pages per class time (lecture, video, etc). This should be from Chapters 5-8 and the lectures. Do NOT repeat anything from midterm 1 material Impress me with your deep thinking of how you can apply what you have learned so far in this course in practical ways. Examples: What can you take away from the course from chapters 5-8? What important information have you learned? How can you apply the concepts we have studied in chapters 5-8 in your every day life? In your future career?

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